I am sure I read that, once you meet them, that is the level they will stay for the duraion of the game. So if you use Lydia, usually you meet her near the start therefore she will be pretty poor.
Also I think I read that there is a way to force a follower to level up to the same level as you.
Starting a new game and I know which follower I want but dont want their level to be bad.
Cheers
v
