If you have not done the civil war, you can still buy the home afterwards if a new jarl is appointed in windhelm.
I've completed Blood on Ice before brotherhood quests and STILL couldn't buy the home (might have been that Ulfric knew I was imperial and didn't want me in his city) but removing him as Jarl allowed me to buy from the new jarl.
As for your target I always found her within the city market area or followed her to her house.
Not to list spoilers but after you kill her, go back to the house a few days later and go inside... something inside made me really sad I had to do what I did
