Alright, I have managed to patch up to 1.2.0416.
Now, I know this has nothing to do with the old post, but could someone maybe show me the standard mods I should get? Is there a list or something?
Yes, there is a very large list, most of the list is found http://www.tesnexus.com.
Good luck, because I have a feeling you're going to need it.
So you don't miss anything important, you want to grab all the Unofficial Patches (UOP, UOMP, USIP), which are essential fix mods. Before that though, you need some utilities: OBSE is a common requirement for mods, and BOSS helps sort your load order, which is important. You need a mod manager, so get Wrye Bash. You might also want to get OBMM if you come across any mods that are only available as OMODs that you want to install, as OMODs are an OBMM-specific format.
Wrye Bash has a learning curve to it though, so you probably want to also grab the Wrye Bash Pictoral Guide, and take a look at TESIV:POSItive for a more general modding intro. Some might tell you to get OBMM instead of Wrye Bash, but Bash > OBMM for installing and managing mods nowadays, and you'll need it eventually anyway, so you might as well start with it.
The rest is up to personal preference.
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You're going to have to start doing things yourself a bit more, taking initiative and researching stuff if you want to successfully use modded Oblivion. All signs so far point to you lacking in those essential skills. There are some very nice people who might hand-hold you through everything, but it's far better if you actually understand what you're doing, and that requires some effort. If you don't put the effort in, you'll have big problems somewhere down the line. There's plenty of guides that are a very big help though, so you're not alone, so long as you don't mind reading.
By way of explanation of what I mean, it's things like searching for the official patch and information on how to sort any problems you might have before asking people. This is the Internet, if it exists then there will be information about it online, and there's also plenty about stuff that doesn't exist.