» Fri Dec 09, 2011 5:30 am
If we accept Hector as the "hero" (he's not the protagonist), then the Iliad provides the first and best example of a main character dying nobly. Of course it's very complex, but that's the first example that comes to mind. And if anyone has read Mishima Yukio's Runaway Horses (or any of the Sea Of Fertility tetralogy) there are other interesting examples of...protagonists. What about The Great Escape? Some heroes make it, some don't and some wind up back where they started. In history, there are many examples. (Compare Julius Caesar's fate to Cato's, for example).
A lot of it depends on the goal. Is it to complete some material deed, or to achieve a certain virtue? Was Achilles' goal to conquer Troy or merely achieve fame? Was the main point of the Iliad that he killed Hector, or that he ransomed his body? Did Hector's death on the battlefield succeed in his goal of being patriotic, or fail in it? The audience, I feel, is happy to see the protagonist die, if forced between morality and immorality, virtue and vice. But in the case of accomplishing some material deed, is martyrdom too simple, abrupt, or cheap? Well, it depends on the writer.