UESP says the AoE is 250 feet. There is no way that spell cast inside the city of Whiterun is hitting someone in The Pale. The closest thing I can think of is the farm where Cicero's wagon breaks down, and that is not even close. I would bet that it's either a glitch, or someone who is from The Pale is inside Whiterun and getting hit.
That is virtually the backyard of Dragonreach. And there isn't anyone from Pale in Whiterun.


