Level works the same way (level 1 to 2 = 3 or 4 skill increases, level 50 to 51 takes about 16 )
You're mostly right, but to just add to the bit I'm quoting: At high levels your levelling speed is "slowed down" because increasing low skills (like increasing Illusion from 20 to 21 for instance) will barely move the bar towards your next level. If you increase a skill from around 70 or up by a level, the bar towards your next level will move substantially. If you're level 50 or up, don't expect to gain a lot of levels by increasing a lot of low skills. For instance when I used the Oghma Infinium on the magic path in the mid 40s on my stealth archer, the bar towards the next level barely moved halfway, despite getting +30 magic skills in total.
About speech levelling, there really isn't much else to do than trying speech checks as often as possible and selling a lof stuff. You can compliment this by buying training and using skill books.