Snowglobes will do what the bobbleheads used to. There's skill mags which give a temporary boost, and supposedly a way to increase them permanently. It will be harder to do than in 3, though.
Didn't they confirm that snowglobes will
not do what bobbleheads did?
Skill books permanently ups your skill but they are far rarer than skill magazines which gives temporary boosts.
FotA will have a way for the PC to raise his SPECIAL, it is not known whether it will be expensive or not or if it's quest-relative or not.