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If you'd rather not risk the karma hit from eating your fellow man, hunt geckos for their meat. Gecko meat can keep your hunger down considerably once converted to gecko stake at a campfire.
As for your companions, BEWARE when traveling with Boone. He will open fire on any Legion soldiers you encounter while traveling together, which could make your adventures a little more difficult on down the road.
Karma has little to no effect in fallout NV. Unlike fallout 3 where Karma was everything, this game reputations are everything.
I just completed my third playthrough with 160+ hours and 50/50 achievements... Karma is non existent for me. Not at one point did I stop and ask myself will this have a negative impact on my game play, because it doesn't.
You can literally steal and rob every single thing you see and nothing bad will happen so long as you don't get caught. Even if they catch you, just hostler your weapon and run. If you run far enough they stop the chase and you get away clean.
But back on topic... Pick up ED-E and boone, you can get them within the first 30-60 minutes of the game. Just follow the questline until Novac where you pick up boone. My word of widsom is don't waste time exploring anything until you reach Novac, because it will send you all the way back down that path again anyway later in the game. Not to mention if you take one wrong step down there you end up with Giant Radscorpions or feral Reavers... Which if they don't kill you, will take 100s of bullets to bring down.
Once you have boone as a sniper, and ED-E for the extended ranged radar, you practically just eat a sandwich while they beat the game for you.