I'm planning on my Nord hero/Dragonborn who will go through the Companions, possibly the Civil War, and the Main Quest. The build looks like this:
One-handed (sword)
Two-handed (battleaxe/greatsword)
Block
Heavy Armor
Smithing
I know having 1 and 2-handed is perk-heavy and may be redundant, but I want this character to be a master at a few weapon styles, and I haven't made a sword & board character yet - but don't want to give up the Nord inherent +10 for 2-handed, not to mention the thematic coolness of following in Ysgramor's footsteps.
The plan is that he would make & improve what he wears & uses. He'd rely on sword & shield for fights against dragons, hard-hitting foes or enemies using ranged attacks. The battleaxe would be for quicker kills & especially the Sweep perk.
So, finally the question: This build obviously has no ranged capability. Do I need Archery? The only times I can think of where it would be strictly necessary would be in dragon fights (before they land) and against stubborn mages.
I do plan to start getting Shouts pretty early, but I know that's not really the same.
