On the Whiterun - Rorikstead road, I get thieves every 3 - 5 days, and vampires at what seems like a week or two. In fact, I'm thinking that Dawnguard may have extended out all the respawns as I'm having a devil of a time finding bandits and thalmor to kill.
There are also different respawn times on types of vampire encounters, random occurs more often than specifically player character targetted. And I've spent a lot of time post DG mq, and haven't had a vamp attack in a town or city since then.