I never played Oblivion, but it would be interesting to have Nocturnal approach you with the Cowl and that's how the quest line starts. Maybe you see the ghost of the old Grey Fox who preaches to you his ideals. Then throw in some ultimatum quests where you have to chose between stealing from the poor or rich.
Stealing from the poor, or stealing from the rich... Is there
really any debate there? Can you think of any reason even the most immoral, selfish thief would prefer stealing rags from a poor man over stealing silks and gems from the rich?
I repeat, the Thieves' Guild in Cyrodiil may have acted with more kindness to the poor, but it wasn't necessarily because they were nice people. It was good business; it made their territory defensible and cost them almost nothing. We never have any indication that any of the Gray Foxes chose this path because they felt all sorry for the poor. There certainly weren't any handouts from the Thieves' Guild to the poor, except for one quest that in my opinion was more about showing the guards that the Waterfront was off-limits to them, and reminding the Waterfront that the Thieves' Guild was their friendly big brother until they tried informing. And the Fox himself never moralized, never told us that we weren't stealing from the poor or killing because those things were
wrong. He never explained his reasons, but people thrust "Robin Hood" labels on him because it's a romantic and sympathetic stereotype.
Really, if the Thieves' Guild in Skyrim is going to go all softhearted, the player is perfectly capable of steering the guild that way without some creepy mask-wearing southlander getting preachy about it. Having someone undergo a "change of heart" because a stranger nattered judgmentally at them is poor character development, in my opinion. If we need moralizing, there are already people in Riften who like to moralize. If we need negative consequences for evil actions, these can be engineered. If we need positive reasons for change, there can be someone in Riften the player wants to impress, or to protect. Or maybe the player was always a nice guy working with bad circumstances, whatever his reasons, and he just starts making changes for the better the moment he has real power. Bring the old Gray Fox into it if you wish, but as I say, be ready with a whopper of a justification, both for his presence and for the player going along with what he says.
My character joined the Thieves' Guild with the explicit plan that he would rise to prominence and destroy the Black-Briars. He's a lawless, smooth-talking, selfish rogue with no objections to ill-earned coin, but he has a powerful distaste for crime lords who keep whole cities in fear, just as much as he hates jarls who do the same. It hardly matters where the rules come from, they are all thjizzrini, foolish concepts. As a Khajiit, he's fond of sweets in general and moon sugar in particular, but his life experience has left no doubt in his mind that skooma is a life-destroying drug that is especially dangerous to his own people; he destroys dealers wherever he finds them. On top of all that, he likes to be liked; it's not essential, but he'll convince people he's their friend, when they let him. He has reasons to steer the Thieves' Guild towards a more benevolent dictatorship of Riften. Imperfectly consistent, maybe, but I didn't try to sell him as a story for every other character to follow.