In Oblivion, if you never rescued Martin from Kvatch, the Oblivion gates would never spawn. And you didn't have to deal with them, if you didn't want to.
Some other post mentioned that the dragon spawning is started by finishing a quest in the main quest line (not finishing the tutorial, one of the ones in Whiterun).
Dragons are annoying (for me) on master level. I'd rather play the other parts of the game without dragons randomly spawning. They fly around screwing up fast travel, but almost never landing, and when they do land they one shot you. And they'll just come flying along when you are hunting, and breath on you and one shot you, without you ever actually seeing it because you were focused on that bandit you were trying to kill...
I'd just rather not start that part of the game, if there was a way to avoid it. For now.

Or, as stated previously, you can just skip out on ever fighting the Draugr Overlord in Bleak Falls Barrow in the first place. No finding Dragon Stone = No Dragonborn.