- Followers will not stubbornly use their inferior default Bow if you give them one that is superior
- Followers will not default back to inferior default armor/weapons when they go back home
- Followers will set their homebase to our current homebase, or another of our specific choosing at our discretion (like we can for our married partners)
- Followers are not capped in their skill level as this is unrealistic
- Followers carry weight should not decrease every time we send them home and then ask them to join us once again (eventually they can carry nothing!!!!!)
- The FollowerHuntingBow is unplayable, and hunting bows are prefered for non-magical ranged combat; this is, technically, a bug.
- This is not a bug.*
- This is not a bug.**
- This is an issue with any level-offset NPC, and may not be a bug, per se, but it does have unintended consequences (for example, Ulfric Stormcloak and General Tullius are both encountered at Helgen at level one, and their statistics are set at those of level 10 NPCs for the rest of the game). As for level cap, the majority of NPCs that are level-offset have level caps, and the use of such caps is not a bug.***
- This has to do with the hunting bows added when they join you; Cicero and the Dark Brotherhood initiates are unaffected.
There are a number of misconceptions about followers; they do not receive a copy of their "default" equipment when you dismiss them, and they will always use the best melee weapons you give them -- their "inferior" weapons do not reset.
I believe that the issue with the hunting bows should be fixed, but the rest of your complaints are not bug and therefore do not require "fixing." As they are not bugs, you should not expect a change via patch, although this is not to say that such content may not be added "by popular demand."
Also, if a follower or any other NPC is standing in your way, you can sprint at them to push them.
*Why does this bother you? The majority of followers are not in a location that would entail their demise and require such armor for their survival. Aside from Housecarls and hirelings, followers are people who have chosen to risk their life fighting for you -- they are not your slaves, and I see no reason you should dictate their dress at all times.
**Aside from Kharjo, all followers live in locations easily accessed by carriage or fast travel, and you can congregate three followers of your choosing (minus Cicero and the Dark Brotherhood initiates) at Sky Haven Temple by inducting them into the Blades. Is it truly so much trouble to go to their home to get them?
***The caps do serve a strategic purpose; most followers cap at level 30 and as such are still affected by the Disarm shout. Therefore, a hireling (or special quest followers, like Erandur or Mjoll, or Cicero) have an advantage because they will eventually be too high level to be disarmed.