Should I do that in an equal measure?

I'd say 3-4 to 1 ratio. Unless your going to really really spam power attacks you don't need much over 200. Are you goign to go with dual wielding? Sword and board? or just single sword?

A single blade.

then keep a majority in health. Since your not goign to be blocking as well as a shield so will be taking more damage. IT really comes down to your fighting style in game and such so feeling it out until yo ufind a ratio that works for you. put a bunch into health in the beginning as that can't hurt you. After you get confident yo ucan suvive most fights yo ucna balance it better to your style.

Thou shalt follow the right path of the blocking tree.
Thou shalt maximise the shield wall perk and invest in the quick reflexes perk post haste.
Thou shalt then train in the skill and perks of the one-handed, enchanting and smithing arts.

Having following the foretold commandments, thou shalt strike down on thy enemies with great power and furious resolve, who being lacketh in both speed and constitution to be able to retaliate with even a single blow, shalt be pwnt forthwith.

do the shield perks even work without a shield?

The shield perks do not, but the blocking perks do.

Well if you're playing an AD&D Kensai kit...no armour or magic for you.

Just one weapon (can be any weapon despite that the class is named "sword saint").

To implement it in Skyrim, I suppose you need One/Two-Handed, a weapon of choice and block (right side of the tree).

Of course...without enchantment, alchemy or (for a lesser extent) smithing you're gonna have a hard time. The Kensai, like any D&D class, was built for party combat, not solo action. So you will be very weak. I'd recommend at least enchantment and alchemy otherwise you're severaly limiting yourself.

However, if you're going Baldur's Gate 2 Kensai/Mage route, you'll probably have a good time. The K/M was overpowered in BG2 but in Skyrim, considering you don't have a party, it might be fun. I'm considering making one anyway. Without destruction or archery, but with conjuration, alternation and restoration. And letting my one-handed blade do all the 'talking' in terms of offensive action.

redguard sword-singer would be best for a swordsman approach, get some redguard garb (or some armour labled "pants" for a shirtless look like i did in oblivion) and a scimitar (or two, if you want), upgrade it and put an enchantment on it (to represent the sword you made from your soul), and your a sword-singer (sans sword singer magic, like the ability to sink a continent with a few swings of a sword)

You said you want to use just a sword. Is that a 1H or 2H sword?

I have an Orc warrior with a 2H sword, and a little enchanting/smithing (but not power-leveled) and he's doing very well.

Well, sir, if you're looking to play as an unarmored swordsman, traveling the North and fearing no evil, then here's a couple of ideas for you.

An Imperial, or a Nord, muscular, yet lean, dressed in naught but shoes, shirt, and pants. Perhaps a hat, to keep his head warm. Absolutely no magic, and no enchantments (much like my current character). This character would head into battle with a sword in hand, of course, so much practice with one-handed is necessary. And pursuing blocking would be of a great use to him as well, as he would want to parry his enemy's attacks. And if he is truly so dedicated to his weapon, then smithing would be an important line of work to gain experience in. He would only use a blade that he himself has fashioned, because he would know this weapon, and thus know best how to wield it. Perhaps he will fashion many swords, and hang them proudly in his home, choosing one or another depending on mood or where he is going that day.

For such a character to survive in the wild danger of Skyrim, he might be tempted to delve into alchemy, so that he can mix potions to fortify his health and stamina. But depending on your vision, he may just rely on cooking and living off the land. In truth, his greatest defense would be his speed. He should invest heavily into stamina, but he'd be a fool to ignore his health, which should also be developed.

Battles will be difficult for you with this character. Being struck could mean instant death. You'll have to run around a lot, gain the high ground, and be able to swiftly dodge attacks when you see them coming. Being backed into a corner would also mean death. Maximizing your damage output is the key.

On the other hand, you could do a similar character, but one who utilizes Alteration in his free hand to form protective magic armor. Of course, that sacrifices your ability to block with your sword, so you'll have to be quick about putting the magic spell away. If you do decide to use alchemy, though, you can make potions to help with your health and stamina, and to fortify your one-handed damage and blocking efficiency.

Thou sir art an augur, an oracle!

Could you please mathematize your Stamina and Health question?

With thy advise I'll stride the everlasting North!

I'd go pretty even between stam and health for quite a while. At least till 200 each. Prolly also grab 50 magicka to fuel resto... might need to add some later for higher level alteration if you go cloth. With these base levels you'll want to add as much health as possible, only adding stam or magicka if you need it.

The great thing about regen+respite resto is that you don't need a massive stamina bar, and you only need enough health to live long enough to heal it off.

When you get enchanting up... a stam siphon weapon enchant can yield impressive mileage for dual-wielding.

I wish there was longswords as well as greatswords/zweih?nder in the game. I'd really like to make a non-barbarian/16th century knight swordsman but it kinda turns me off when my sword is about the same size as me.