Altmer - extreme racial supremacists
Argonians - primitive fisherman
Bosmer - druidic tribalists
Breton - politicians (we constantly hear about the volatile High Rock politics in the lore)
Dunmer - outcast convicts to a large island (hence the poorly done australian accent in Skyrim)
Imperials - political moderates and appeasers
Khajiit - middle-east traders, but peaceful; my obvious favorite.
Nords - Seceding racial supremacists (the Deep North rednecks ), followed by a bar brawl and a hangover; in all seriousness though, despite these similarities, I have to love them.
Orsimer - [censored] jocks
Redguard - Pirates

If any of these are out of line, I'll change them. I'm kinda naive, so...