8%. Nords and Orcs deal 8% more damage than other races when they have max Weight setting. They're also more stagger resistant, and dish out more staggers.
Through use of what exactly?
http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Skyrim:Races
there everyone, now you can see they are different
the have different hights, apearence, passive or active racial powers, skill bonuses, NPC interactions, countries of origin, beliefs, social structures, etc.
the differences are enough that you would play a race on preference instead of abilities, but if you really wanted to get the most out of a certain playstyle the option for that is there too.
Skyrim, more than other games in the series has been a do whatever you want game. with the removal of Atributes and birthsign most people have seen this as a bad thing. however all it has done as allowed your character to go from swinging an axe to casting spells if he/she so chooses. you dont have too if you dont want to, most people here tend to make a character for one style. say a khajiit thief that only sneaks, wears light armor, and uses daggers. its awsome, it all works with each other nicely. the player was not forced to play that style because of attribute points, skill points, racial bonuses or restrictions, birthsigns, etc. they choose too.
its all about choice, as it should be.
Height is meaningless. Appearance is cosmetic. Culture, also cosmetic. So let's get down to what matters in gameplay, in the PvE environment that Skyrim gives us.
Let's start with Skill bonuses. The difference in Skill levels at creation can be negated by normal play and time. An Orc eventually hits 100 in Two-Handed Weapons, as can a High Elf. So there's no difference there.
Racial traits... again, all of which can be negated by normal play and time. Dark Elves have 50% Fire Resist, all other races can enchant or purchase an item, or take a potion, that has the exact same effect.
Racial abilities are once a day. So... for 60 seconds once every day there is an actual real difference. Awesome.
Yes, it should be about choice... because those choices should have weight to them. If a High Elf can be on the exact same level as an Orc in terms of Warrior prowess, where is the weight behind choosing an Orc over a High Elf or vice versa other than simply cosmetic?