If you're really a thief, you don't need bribery because nobody sees you and you don't need fence because "us thieves" are using the Thieves Guild fences. If you want to be a thief without entering Thieves Guild then ok, you'll need fence, but it's so high that you can't start being a thief before a long time, so can you really call yourself a thief? If you want to play rough and not reload when a 90% chance of success steal fails again, bribery may sound like a solution, but it's faster to become thane and bribe the guards anyway.
Speech doesn't raise fast at all. What are you doing to raise it? Buy and sell cheap items one by one for hours, grinding the skill like in a MMORPG? Type the console command already, save yourself sanity.
And about the influence of Speech for Persuasion and Intimidation, read what I wrote again. I think I was explicit : yes the skills influences the success, but who cares? In vanilla Skyrim, Persuasion and Intimidation aren't used properly, making them useless.