» Wed Jun 13, 2012 7:36 am
The difference is very heavily related to the projectile. The crossbow bolt packs more mass into a smaller package. It has poor flight characteristics and therefore poor range. However, it is a compact mass shot at high velocity, so within its range it packs a greater punch. Bow and arrow is the opposite. The velocity is less but the flight characteristics of the arrow allow for much greater range.
Second difference is a result of the flight characteristics. The crossbow bolt has its greatest velocity when fired and loses velocity thereafter. The arrow, fired in an arc, loses velocity until it reaches the top of its arc but then regains velocity as it falls.
They are really very different weapons. Give me one shot at close range and I will take a crossbow. Ask me to hit something at range and it is the bow. Ask me to stop a mass attacked by charging knights and I will take a group of longbow men. Even if they don't penetrate armor they will kill the horses. With the superior range and rate of fire arrows will rain down on the attackers all the way through the charge. Ask me to take a bunch of untrained peasants to stop a charge and I will arm them with crossbows. They probably won't stop the charge as they will get one, maybe two shots at best, but longbows take training where crossbow training is minimal.
So, why crossbows in Skyrim? To me they were always the ultimate "guard" weapon. I don't see guards as well trained warriors but rather as ill trained militia. But that's my $.02 and may not be shared by all.