Three main reasons:

Extremely harsh environment. Where day to day survival is threaten, non-survival skills tend to decline. You really need to get to a point where increasing technical know how increases survival rate more than strength of arms itself, before technology can take off. The dwemer acquired this critical mass somehow, by luck or otherwise.

Magic. The dwemer's constructs use magic for power. Pure technology is far too "out of the box" and far too costly in comparison to get to a point where technology can pay for itself.

Gods. Religion in our world with unseen untouched unproven gods is already the largest opponent of the scientific progress. There is no need to farther elaborate in a world where they have been proven real and life after death exists.

Interesting thread discussion, but we are at post limit for this one.