and, just so DEFRON doesn't try to murder me; when I say "internet", I am of course not talking about TOR or Freenet.
TOR is the Internet, it's nothing more than routing your requests in a way that cannot be traced back to you. So long as TOR exists, anonymity can. So if you are in favor of ending anonymity TOR can no longer exist. (not meaning to make this a slippery slope, but this does naturally follow) Without services like TOR, then people will die or be harmed for their beliefs or lifestyle. Twitter was used to anonymously coordinate attacks in Libya. On the lesser side: ideas can be scoffed because of their source, hurting free trade of information. Without anonymity, a lot of what makes the Internet great goes away.
It's not legal (in some countries) to hide your identity in public by using a mask, why should it be any different on the internet? Don't I have the right to know whom I'm talking too online? Or to know who sent me an email?
If people were forced to use their real identities online then I'm pretty sure that internet hate crimes, bullying, spamming and trolling would almost disappear. People would also probably be nicer to each other. How is that a bad thing?
I'm not saying that people should be forced to reveal their identities on forums like this one, they could just use normal usernames, but they should be forced to use their real identities when they sign up.
Yup, instead of those crimes taking place on the Internet, people will just look up where you really live and do them in person (which already happens, but to a much lesser degree). Not to mention how much easier it'll make going from a cyberstalker to a real-life stalker.
So you want the internet to be a place where anyone can say anything without any consequences?
Not everywhere (job-related stuff, e-commerce, etc), but the story in the OP is about complete obliteration of anonymity. Some places need to be 100% anonymous. Not to mention when some places aren't anonymous, it could lead to dire consequences. Say I have some fetish or something. If there was no anonymity, then I could lose my job because of my lifestyle. Obviously no one is stupid enough to link their real identity to their fetishes, but we see lifestyle choices having a direct impact on people due to using their real identity online in Facebook all the time. Can you even count the number of people that have lost their jobs because of Facebook anymore? Is there any way to even begin to calculate how many people DIDN'T get a job or premotion because of Facebook?
Let me ask you a question; would you trust someone who walked around with a mask on and used an alias? What if he started spreading rumours about you that weren't true? Should he get away with it because of his "right to privacy"?
If you were anonymous as well then they wouldn't be able to spread rumors about you

Now I'm not being insensitive, and this is not pointed at you personally DEFRON, but;
If someone gets physically harmed because of something they did online... then they probably deserved it. It's the same in 'real life', if you act like a dike and you insult some people then you'll probably get beaten up one day.
Solution to the problem: Act online as you would in real life.
Doesn't even have to do with being a dike all the time. It can be sixual assult because you posted "hot pics", stalking (not necessarily physical), or maybe they don't like the idea of
doing something or another, especially in their state/county.