I am very happy to report that this issue was fixed for me in patch 1.4. After hanging up my axe for several months and not playing Skyrim due to this bug, I loaded it up today when I learned 1.4 had been released. I had little hope, and expected a crash where the issue would still be present. I loaded my save inside Jorrvaskr and exited the doors. To my complete and utter joy, it loaded me into Whiterun instead of crashing to my desktop! Finally, I can play Skyrim again!