Sorry for the double post, but for some reason it won't let me edit my own post. Anyway, I just uninstalled a reinstalled my copy of Skyrim and I still CTD upon exiting Jorrvaskr. All my internet searches have turned up one other person who has had this issue and the only advice people could give him was to use console commands to teleport himself to Riverwood every time he wanted to leave Jorrvaskr. I am really trying to avoid resorting to console commands because I don't want to disable my steam achievements, but at the rate this game is going I'm going to have to just to get by. I'm terrified that this is such a little known and rarely seen problem that it will never get fixed and Jorrvaskr will be forever broken for me. Somebody, anybody, please help.
Yes! This happened to me too, on my level 60 with over 150 hours. It's weird because I've never had an issue before and I did the Companions first. Never had a ctd associated with Jorrvaskr. I experienced several ctds per day, but I could always just reload and everything would be ok. Not with this one. It's repeatable and nothing I can do will fix it, and I've tried everything I could find online. If I unselect "save on travel" and try to leave I get a weird tan colored screen. You can still see the "E" and hear sound (I think), but it still eventually crashes. I narrowed it down to two consecutive saves. Save 309, I can enter and exit Jorrvaskr. Save 310 I can't. The only difference is fifteen minutes and I did the short quest for the dark elf at the mages college where she experiments on you with magic. If I do the quest and go to Jorrvaskr, I can't exit. If I don't do the quest and go to Jorrvaskr, I can. I tried doing the quest and traveling around to different places and doing other quests, did matter, still couldn't leave Jorrvaskr. So I backed up my saves, deleted everything, uninstalled the game (again), reinstalled, verified and started a new game. No problems so far. Hopefully they'll get this fixed soon. I don't want all the time and effort of my first character to be a waste.
Also, another member of the forums messaged me with the same problem. He said there is a console command that will get you out. I'll have to look again to see what it is.