Yes? Contrary to perhaps conventional wisdom, persecuting religions does weaken them to the point that they're no longer recognizable. See Christianity in medieval Japan. Right out of Helgen you come across a massacre at a Talos shrine. There's certainly a reason why the remaining Talos shrines are either in Stormcloak territory or in very remote corners. Only the really devout are going to stick their necks out, especially with the empire sanctioning the persecution.
Christianity didn't originate in Japan, it was a foreign religion. Talos is one of the most important dieties in Skyrim, they've been worshiping him for probably over 600 years. The Thalmor know that they can't fully wipe it out without being in direct control of the province. The Empire not only turns a blind eye to Talos worship, they deviate from their own "guilty until proven innocent" system and in fact can prevent the Thalmor from arresting somebody without sufficient evidence. I'm not trying to say that you should support the Empire or even like it, I'm just saying that the Thalmor recognize that for their plans to come to fruition, they must gain control of Skyrim themselves. Or at least gain greater power than they wield now.
Right now anyone needs to do to openly glorify Talos and denounce the Thalmor is to travel to the Stormcloak side of Skyrim, something that could not be done before the Thalmor-induced civil war began. In fact, it seems they don't even dispute the Stormcloaks' right to worship Talos in their own territory (yes it's a purely diplomatic thing, but it's still interesting that they at least pretend to respect the Stormcloaks' rule). They appear in several initially Stormcloak-controlled areas, yet never for anything directly related to stamping out Talos worship.
Whether there is more or less worship now than before the rebellion is really speculation.
Given the Talos worship going on in Stormcloak territory, for it to be the same would only further indicate the sheer futility in the Thalmor Justiciars' efforts to stamp it out.