Well in a way it is. The South suceded because they felt that their way of life, or atleast their economy, was at risk. And races like the Argonians are kind of like the black soldiers in the civil war. But it isn't that similar to the Revolutionary War either. The Civil War in Skyrim involves 3 groups. The Rebels and the Empire, who essentially works for the Thalmor.
The whole dominion/Thalmor component is missing from the civil war anology.
Actually, as pointed out higher, the Vichy government anology works very well.
- France was beaten by supremacist invaders (Thalmor/dominion)
- The invaders didn't push their advantage to the limit but found it more convenient to let the defeated keep a large part of their territory
- The remainig territories were ruled by a puppet goevrnment (Vichy government of Petain)
- France was obliged to permit the persecution policies of the invaders on its own territory (persecution af Talos worshippers)
- Resistance movements took up arms against the invaders and the puppet government (stormcloaks)
- Some outlying territories refused to accept the peace terms that were agreed to by their own government (The Free French troops aka Redguards) and went to war against the invaders