I never played Morrowind, but most of the comments touting the superiority of Morrowind tend to fall into those categories, as least as far as how they strike me personally:
(1) The posts that reek of nostalgia. I understand that Morrowind was a ton of folks' introduction to TES, and it has a special place in their memories, but then ask the people who started with Daggerfall what they think of Daggerfall. Same thing.
(2) The posts that are mistaking multiplication of skills, attributes and armor types for "complexity" and "depth" of gameplay, and mistaking lengthy text speeches by NPCs for depth of story. I've seen screenshots of Morrowind, and it doesn't have a tenth the atmosphere that Skyrim does. I admit this is somewhat due to my personal point of view, but for me, I prefer fantasy where the visual styles and themes relate to fantasy's origins in the legend and folklore of the real world. Skyrim has more than a whiff of old Norse legend about it; Morrowind just looks like an alien planet to me.
As far as Oblivion goes, the only area where Oblivion is superior to Skyrim is in the Quest Log. Skyrim has Oblivion beat in every other area.
Interestingly, Morrowind was my introduction to TES, and at the time, I didn't like it, though I later loved Oblivion. When I went back and played Morrowind again years later, I ended up loving it as much as Oblivion -- maybe more.
Like you, I didn't like the alien atmosphere at all, and in truth I don't really like it still. But what I grew to love about Morrowind was the the way it introduced the story -- how there were intervals you had to spend time doing your own thing before you could advance the main quest, and how the main quest revolved around learning -- I mean really seeking out the information, not just having the next quest marker feed you everything. (Directions were given for all quests, which I find much more fun and immersive than quest markers.) By the time it was over, I had fallen in love with the lore (I had never cared in Oblivion) and felt I had actually visited another realm, lived an adventure in another world.
With Oblivion and Skyrim, the main quest is thrown at you like in CoD (to quote a youtube parody): "Here is your mission. Blah blah blah blah secret base. Blah blah blah blah nuclear weapon. Blah blah blah blah we're counting on you."
There has never been anything I felt I needed to prepare for, nothing I've needed to learn. I can just cruise through like a FPS without even knowing what the story is.
Skyrim is my favorite of the three, because I love the atmosphere so much and the combat mechanics are better. But there are definitely a few things I wish they had carried over from Morrowind. It felt more like a role-playing game. (I could elaborate more, but I'll pause for now.)