Flails x 10
Staves/spears
Throwable objects (knives obviously but it would be nice to be able to throw stones as distractions)
And whips (Indy Jones-esque characters and foxy dominatrixes anyone?). Although they would be really hard to implement.
Off Topic:
I have been having good success shooting arrows to distract. The guards go to the sound and not the source of the shot (just don't hit anybody

) and then I sneak away.
On Topic:
Spears. Not so much for me but they are the classic guard's weapon and would also be perfect for the Forsworn. For my stealth char throwing knives would be great - with a 100% recovery rate. Crossbows for guards too - IMHO much more "guard like" than bows.
Other than that, the list is already pretty good. Not so into the Japanese stuff but some are. We already have Katanas so why not continue along those lines with a "blades dagger", etc.
I am a fan of "realistic" weapons, so I made my own mod that adds bunches of real weapons to the game and reduces the occurrence of non-steel.
Shameless plug follows:
http://skyrim.nexusmods.com/downloads/file.php?id=8752